Nutritional assessment among postnatal mothers availing health services at a maternity hospital in rural Karnataka

Abstract

Background: The postnatal period is a time of heightened nutritional needs. The recommended dietary allowance(RDA) of energy, protein, micro-nutrients like iron, calcium, vitamins, zinc and folic acid are enhanced during this period. This helps to satisfy the demands of lactation and protects the infant from nutrient deficiencies. Objectives: To assess the nutritional intake and its associated factors among postnatal mothers availing health care services at a rural maternity hospital in Ramnagara district, Karnataka. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 159 postnatal mothers over a two-month period (July-August 2014). Written informed consent was obtained and a face-validated, semi-structured interview schedule administered. The socio-demographic data, obstetric history, detailed dietary history with a 24-hour dietary recall was obtained. Nutrient composition of the food item consumed was calculated using standard food conversion tables using an excel software developed for both raw and cooked foods. Results: Around 104 women were in the early postnatal period (within 1 week) and 55 were late postnatal (4-6 weeks). Majority were aged 18-25 years (81.1%), educated up to std 10 (44%) and belonged to Class II by modified BG Prasad’s scale (34.6%).  Majority had a normal vaginal delivery (79.2%) with child weighing >2500 gms (84.9%). Most women consumed inadequate calories (98.1%), proteins (94.9%), iron (49.7%) and calcium(65%). There was a significant association between the post-natal period and nutrient intake (p<0.05).  Conclusions: Nutritional assessment and advice should form a key component during the postnatal visits to promote healthy eating and combat adverse immediate and long-term consequences.